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Networkview 3.62 serial key
Networkview 3.62 serial key












Based on an international survey of 1591 managers located in 25 countries undertaken between 20, we find that country-specific international experience, formal education, and the use of common language reduce psychic distance perceptions. Adopting a social psychological perspective, we propose that three social-cognitive mechanisms-social comparison, mere exposure, and social learning-help explain why and how country- and individual-level characteristics affect the formation of these perceptions. This study investigates individual managers’ formation of psychic distance perceptions to foreign countries. The impact of geographic distance has increased markedly for homogenous goods, whereas for more differentiated goods it has decreased mildly. The results are broadly in support of the 'market-view', showing that the sensitivity of trade to psychic distance has declined dramatically for all categories of goods. It compares the development of the relative importance of 'psychic distance'-a proxy for information related transaction costs-and geographic distance-a proxy for transportation costs-in three categories of goods. This paper examines empirically the merits of these two arguments based on a longitudinal analysis of bilateral trade between 25 major trading nations for the period 1962-2008.

networkview 3.62 serial key

An alternative explanation-'the market view'-contends that improved availability of information and increasing transparency of markets have facilitated the matching of geographically more proximate buyers and sellers, and that the observed decline in average transportation distances is a reflection of increasingly efficient markets.

networkview 3.62 serial key

According to one line of argument-the 'network view'-the continuing high sensitivity of international trade to geographical distance is associated with a shift in the composition of trade towards goods requiring more extensive information exchange and personal interaction between buyers and sellers.

networkview 3.62 serial key

The enduring importance of geographic distance as an impediment to international trade has recently become recognized as an empirical fact in need of explanation.














Networkview 3.62 serial key